Today, millions of foreign workers-from the U.S., India, Pakistan, Ethiopia, and the Middle East-live and work in Saudi Arabia. The discovery of oil also changed the demographics of the kingdom. Most industrialized nations depend on petroleum imports, and critics claim this allows Saudi Arabia to have an outsized role in some foreign policy decisions, especially those surrounding the Middle East. The lucrative petroleum trade fostered sophisticated diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and the West, as well as Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. This article was first published by Okaz on Apr. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest producers and exporters of oil in the world. LIFE in the Middle East: Power and Petroleum in the Gulf in 1945. It’s an interview that shapes the future for upcoming Saudi generations before the last oil barrel ends. Today, oil accounts for roughly 92% of the Saudi budget. After the discovery, Saudis established strong infrastructure dotted with wells, pipelines, refineries, and ports. The country’s economy was based on tourism revenue from observant Muslims’ pilgrimages to the holy city of Mecca. Before the discovery (made by the company that would eventually become Chevron), Saudi Arabians were largely nomadic. Kuwait, Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia were among the first countries to benefit. Due to these reserves, MENA is an important source of global economic resources. The discovery radically changed the physical, human, and political geography of Saudi Arabia, the Middle East, and the world. Cities grew and health and life expectancy in the region improved. The region has vast oil, petroleum, and natural gas reserves. On March 3, 1938, an American-owned oil well in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, drilled into what would soon be identified as the largest source of petroleum in the world.
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